The latest wave of attacks on Catholic homes and property in north Antrim is reminiscent of an orchestrated campaign of violence by the UDA against nationalists across the north in 2001.
In the first six weeks of that year, more than 50 pipe bombings were reported to police in areas such as north and east Antrim, Coleraine in Co Derry and Belfast.
By February 11 there had been eight attacks on Catholic homes in the Antrim Road area of Belfast alone, including the pipe bombing of houses in Alliance Avenue.
Five days later then chief constable Ronnie Flanagan said the UDA was behind the "vast bulk" of recent pipe-bomb attacks across the north.
However, he said it was unclear whether the attacks had been organised and sanctioned by the UDA leadership.
The port town of Larne in east Antrim was the scene of sustained sectarian violence which prompted extra police and military patrols.
Speaking at the time, a local priest urged Catholic families who had been targeted to move out of the area because he feared they could not be protected in their homes.
Bishop of Down and Connor Patrick Walsh also met Sir Ronnie to express his concern at the ongoing sectarian campaign.
Among those targeted was a mother and her son living in Laharna Avenue in Larne. Police treated the pipe-bomb attack as attempted murder.
In Craigyhill, outside Larne, shots were also fired at a house from nearby wasteland in a sectarian attack. A mother and her young sons escaped injury.
At the time SDLP councillor Danny O'Connor described those responsible as "a cancer".
"They need to be rooted out of society because it's only then that the decent people of Larne, Protestant and Catholic, can sleep in their beds at night," he said.
Meanwhile, a family targeted by pipe bombers in Coleraine in late December 2000 revealed that it was the sixth attack on their home in 18 months.
In the midst of the wave of attacks, loyalist killer Michael Stone called for an end to the campaign which he said had "not benefited" the loyalist cause.
